Neurodegenerative Diseases due to Neurotoxins passing through the Nose-to-Brain Pathway

Three neurodegenerative disorders- Alzheimer’s dementia (ALZ), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)- share a common feature in their pathogenesis: evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction reactive oxygen stress. Their pathologic classifications are based on the findings at autopsy patterns protein aggregates neurons glial cells. This pathology supports concept that neurotoxins major factor etiology these disorders. There is value exploring similarities pathogenesis ALS, Parkinson Disease Alzheimer Dementia non-genetic etiologies. The nose to olfactory pathway feeds sensory input from nasal cavity bulb entorhinal lobe. Another component pathways involves two branches trigeminal nerve with pons midbrain. A key capacity bypass blood-brain barrier (BBB). protection brain by BBB diminishes age can be lost damage insults as viral infections. only cranial direct exposure ambient environment has high rate turnover receptors. being studied for drug delivery used deliver medications into central nervous system (CNS. nose-to-brain may represent critical avenue oxidative neurotoxins. Neurotoxic mycotoxins risk humans. Neurotoxins amplified pathway. shows prion disease. These highly fat-soluble tend accumulate mitochondria synaptic vesicles. vesicles migrate neuron neuron. chronic fungal infections ALS patients secret neurotoxic immunotoxic leading progressive immune suppression. nose-to-olfactory amplify levels brain. If ALZ due systemic poisonings, source episodic lead autoimmune